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Zhou Dynasty’s traditional gifts and Confucius’ “Praise and Education”
Author: Chen Xia (Assistant Research Officer of Confucius Research Institute)
Source: The first album of “New Gifts”, 2018 edition of Huaxia Bookstore.
Time: Confucius was in the 25th 70th year of Jihai PuyueBaobao.comThe second day of Renchen
It can be said that a “People” is actually a product made in the Zhou Dynasty, and it is a concentrated appearance of the ancient tribute civilization in our country. Late Confucian scholars believed that: “The ancient kings’ sects of gifts were not to rush the human desires, but to teach the common people to be evil and to rebel against the righteousness of human nature.” [1] The society Long-term cultivation was considered an important function of the tribute civilization at that time. In the development of the long-standing tribute civilization in our country, people gradually no longer only value the entertainment efficiency of sacred music, but increasingly value its governance efficiency and its main meaning in social improvement and human heart education. After three generations, the world has been magnified and powerful, especially since its age, and it was even more vassalized by Wang Xun. Confucius, at the end of his age, was in a state of silence and silence. Through in-depth reflection on history and reality, through his in-depth reflection on history and reality, he retained the movement of modern civilization and inherited and developed the ancient tradition of ceremonial education, thus forming Confucius’ “political education” thinking.
1. The tradition of the Zhou Dynasty and “Pen”
Tree is a unique creation of the ancestors of the Chinese people who entered the civilized society. “Confucius’s Family Words·Quoting” chapter says: “The first thing is to start with eating. At the beginning of Tai, you burn millet and break pigs, drink in a bottle, and eat in a dirt drum, and eat in a dirt drum, and even respect ghosts and gods.” “The first thing you can do is to eat in a dirt drum.” “The first thing you can do is to eat in a dirt drum.” The first thing you can do is to eat in a dirt drum. The first thing you can do is to eat in a dirt drum. “The first thing you can do is to eat in a dirt drum.” “The first thing you can do is to eat in a dirt drum.” “The first thing you can do” and “The first thing you can do is to drink in a dirt drum.” “The first thing you can do” and “The first thing you can do” are the original musical methods. As can be seen, tribute was born in the early days of human beings’ advancement to civilization. Since the Xia and Shang dynasties, the gifts have been developed for a long time, but “Xia Dao respects the destiny, serves ghosts and respects the gods”; “Yin people respect gods, lead the people to serve gods”[2]. The two generations of the Xia and Shang dynasties also have certain witchcraft characteristics. Therefore, some scholars call the distinction “respecting the destiny texts”Ming” and “respecting God civilization”. [3] The real development of gifts, that is, gifts with human meaning, should start from Zhou Gong in the early Western Zhou Dynasty “made gifts and music”. [4]
In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Gong was in order to further consolidate the rule of the Zhou Dynasty, and “made gifts and music” based on the benefits of the previous dynasties. “Travels: Mingtang Position” records this matter: “King Wu died, King Cheng was young and weak, and Zhou Gong resigned as Emperor to govern the whole country. In 2019, the court of the court made gifts and cheers in Mingtang, embracing them all over the country. Through this method, the Zhou Dynasty “gifts and literature preparations” cultivated the “deep and literary” Western Zhou Dynasty gift civilization. However, compared with the gift civilization in the Xia and Shang dynasties, the Zhou Dynasty gift was not just a development of “quantity”, but more importantly the breakthrough of “quality”. Because in the rich content of the Zhou Dynasty gifts, they were wearing the patriarchal principle of “queerness and honor”, which asked people to “queerness and honor” within the family to “queerness and honor” href=”https://twlovecandy520.org/”>平台生平台生平台生”, discussing “the killing of relatives”; outside the family, “respecting honor is great”, discussing “respecting honor and respecting”. It can be seen that whether it is respect or respecting, it is for the purpose of “determining respect” and “discriminating superiors and inferiors” in cooperation, which happens to be the real point of the tribute civilization. And it is precisely because of this energy-based quality that Zhou Chu began to finish the first chapter of the first chapter. The beautiful patriarchal gift system had a major impact in the Zhou Dynasty and even later generations. In modern Chinese society, it formed a long-standing tradition of gifts.
The origin of “Pen” is closely related to the Zhou Dynasty’s gift system. In ancient times, “Pen” was originally associated with “lecture”, “Penchant is a chapter of music”, “Penchant of poetry”, and “Penchant of poetry and music”, and the two were born together. Zheng Qiao’s “General History·Lele Letter·Penchant of the House of Le Mansions” said: “Greetings must be joyful, and joy must be celebrated. Since Later Kui, music has been based on sacredness, and music is based on sacredness, and its eight sounds and six rules are the wings. “So, Zhou Gong’s “making music” actually also includes the production and processing of poems. Now we have no idea what poems Zhou Gong wrote, but according to the literary notes, “Binfeng·Dragon Owl” and “Zhou·Wu” were written by Zhou Gong. “Bao Owl” in the poem “Bao Owl”, Mao Xu” says: “Zhou Duke rescued the trouble.” King Cheng did not know the ambition of Duke Zhou, so he used his sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sac “This is very detailed in “Historical Records: The Family of Duke Lu Zhou”. A poem about “Wu” says: “Wu” is a compilation of “Dawu”. “And “Dawu”, “Zhengyu” says, “The dance of Zhou Gong’s music. “The Age of the Lord’s Family·Gule” also records: “Wu King ascended the throne and attacked Yin with his six masters… and conquered him in Muye. He then captured the prisoner of the Jingtai Shi, and ordered Duke Zhou to write “Big Wu”. “It can be seen that “Big Wu” is a dance made by Duke Zhou, and the poems of “Big Wu” are a poem that dances together. Although Duke Zhou has not had many poems written by himself, there should be many reformers who have processed and reformed. “The House of Reverences·Fallings and Beverages” commentary says: “In the past, Duke Zhou made gifts and used poems from time to time to time as songs, so they are closely related to each other.” [5] Teacher Yang Xiangkui believed that “The elegant and gracefulness of “Zhou” and “Big Ya” is not a god, Wu turned out to be the same as the poems that he sang, and this kind of spirit has been processed and reformed. This processing reformer… The department “Zhou” is Zhou Gong. This is also the brilliant result of Zhou Gong’s celebration. ”[6] It can be seen that the origin of “Pen” is closely related to the “Producing the Merchants” of Zhou Gong. Later, on this basis, the Zhou Dynasty collected and processed the poems in large quantities. According to the records of “Mandarin”, “Travels”, and “Han Books”, there were ancient “Pen” and “Pen”. The poems in “Pen” were collected through this method and were finally collected through continuous processing. Therefore, the generation and collection of “Pen” is related to our country The tradition of gifts is not integral. It can be said that a “Pen” is actually a product under the Zhou Dynasty’s gift script.
The Zhou Dynasty re-given gifts, and gifts are also called, but “Pen” actually exists as a group of “Pen”. So, the “Pen” as a chapter is naturally the same. As the scholar pointed out, “The music plays “Pen” as a chapter, and the combination of poems and music becomes a group of various classics. ”[7] It can